tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12295742975629540712024-03-05T21:11:18.691+08:00Take a LookDrop by and take a look.thejetfuelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10317141008803076641noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1229574297562954071.post-84536971665718287662012-06-02T12:01:00.000+08:002012-06-02T12:35:04.895+08:00#Reflection 8<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Assalamualaikum. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Hello everyone! :D</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">This is going to be the last post in this blog. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Today, we will go through a quick and simple reading on <span style="font-size: large;"><b><u>INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b>Internet Infrastructure </b>is a hierarchy of network:</span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">From single computer to LAN</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">From LAN to ISP (Internet Service Provider)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">From ISP to WWW (World Wide Web)</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">In order to connect all of these, you need:</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">computer</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">web browser</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">internet access</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Next, let's take a look at <b><span style="font-size: large;"><u>INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)</u></span></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">IP provides a common layer over dissimilar network.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">It is also a standard protocol to connect LAN.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">It also functioned to move packet among host computer through gateways</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Every computer assign unique <b><span style="font-size: large;">IP adress.</span></b></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">The IP adress:</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Divided into 2:</span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Identifying the network</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Identifying the node/host</span></li>
</ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Consist of 32 bits</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Shown as 4 octets of numbers from 0-225 represented in decimal form instead of binary.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">eg: 10101110 = 1 octet (8 binary)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">eg: 168.212.226.204 = Decimal form (4 octet = 32 binary)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Class of </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">addresses</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">determines </span><b style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">which part belongs to the <span style="font-size: large;">network address</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>and </span><b style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">which part belongs to the <span style="font-size: large;">node.</span></b></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">All nodes on a given network share the same network prefix but must have a </span><b style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;">unique host number.</span></b></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b>Example:</b></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b><u>CLASS A NETWORK</u></b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Binary starts with <span style="font-size: large;"><b>0</b></span></span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Decimal number can be anywhere <b>from 1-126</b></span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">The first 8 bits identify network</span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Other 24 bits indicate the host within the network</span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b><u>CLASS B NETWORK</u></b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Binary starts with <b><span style="font-size: large;">10</span></b></span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Decimal number can be anywhere <b>from 128-191</b></span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">The number <b><span style="font-size: large;">127</span></b> is reserved for <b>loop back</b> and is used for <b>internal testing on the local machine</b></span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">First 16 bits will identify the network</span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Other 16 bits indicate the host</span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<b style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><u>CLASS C NETWORK</u></b></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Binary starts with <b><span style="font-size: large;">110</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Decimal number can be anywhere from 192-223</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">The first 24 bits identify the network</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<b style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><u>CLASS D NETWORK</u></b>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Binary starts with <b><span style="font-size: large;">1110</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Decimal number can be anywhere from 224-239</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">This type of network usually used <b><span style="font-size: large;">to support multicasting.</span></b></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<b style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><u>CLASS E NETWORK</u></b>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Binary starts with 1111</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Decimal number can be anywhere from 240-254</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Used for experimenting</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>Never been documented or utilized in a standard way. (-__-")</b></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><u>DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)</u></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">It is a type of internet service that translate <b><span style="font-size: large;">domain names</span></b> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">into <b><span style="font-size: large;">numerical address</span></b>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Eg: </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">www.yahoo.com => into 204.62.131.129</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;">Why use DNS?</span> = <b>It is easier to remember because the names are alphabetic :D</b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><u>INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)</u></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">The ISP is the company that will provide the internet service to public.</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Example of ISP in Malaysia is like the one for broadband;</span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">TM Net</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Streamyx</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">P1</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Celcom Broadband</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Maxis Broadband</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><u>HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP)</u></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">HyperText Transfer Protocol is the underlying protocol used for the World Wide Web.</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Determine what actions should be taken by Web servers and browsers to response to various commands.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">HTTP also called as a <b><span style="font-size: large;">stateless protocol</span></b> because each command is executed independently, without any knowledge of the commands that came before.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">That is why it is difficult to implement Web sites! <span style="font-size: large;">:O</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Other new technologies such as <span style="font-size: large;"><b>Java,</b> <b>JavaScript</b></span> and <b><span style="font-size: large;">cookies</span></b> has been invented to encounter the HTTP shortcomings.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">That is all for now. Till then, I'm going to miss Dr Dayang so much. She is so warm and cheerful all the time. I hope our path will intersect later in the future.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Have a sweet day, all!</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Toddles! :) </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>thejetfuelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10317141008803076641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1229574297562954071.post-39713753027684302082012-05-13T12:17:00.000+08:002012-05-13T12:18:32.143+08:00Reflection #7<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;">Wireless Technology</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Dr. Dayang has proceeded the topic about wireless technology but unfortunately I couldn't come to class :(</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Nevertheless, here is my entry to wrap up about the wireless technology. Well, I did some revision on my own about this topic.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>WIRELESS</b></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Wireless
telecommunications networks are a type of
information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>BLUETOOTH</b></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw0QPQFjWazKhpsd6o5DX_T2sYxclt-R9rxBJp11Jl1VP20b4FXC-AvHtR9oI6-4jQqzPgAk-Tdp9wCU81i688gmDAm57AyG9D6zvAm9pUbA6Avs9XTTLJNDq0lDgB6IAOFYaTRMpTCxa3/s1600/bluetoothimage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw0QPQFjWazKhpsd6o5DX_T2sYxclt-R9rxBJp11Jl1VP20b4FXC-AvHtR9oI6-4jQqzPgAk-Tdp9wCU81i688gmDAm57AyG9D6zvAm9pUbA6Avs9XTTLJNDq0lDgB6IAOFYaTRMpTCxa3/s200/bluetoothimage.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Bluetooth logo</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area network or PANs.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Bluetooth is acceptable for situations when two or more devices are in proximity to each other and don't require high bandwidth</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">The distance covered only a very short range which is less than 10 meters. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Devices involved : mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers, digitial cameras and video game consoles. </span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitCBC3-y9vbNlAM9EOTFlUrYcdHP7sPWHNWoDC7rgmO8_VwHyHshXvp5PQE4N3_CNgm08XnZOM5RFJ0zUUeu509hFBfMSNxi38BBwxe6dmy56TPhtv-qb3Wk_hLTSfJpNpAKlJReqT7o_T/s1600/overall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitCBC3-y9vbNlAM9EOTFlUrYcdHP7sPWHNWoDC7rgmO8_VwHyHshXvp5PQE4N3_CNgm08XnZOM5RFJ0zUUeu509hFBfMSNxi38BBwxe6dmy56TPhtv-qb3Wk_hLTSfJpNpAKlJReqT7o_T/s640/overall.jpg" width="417" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The devices that use Bluetooth can be connected to the laptop as well.<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">INFRARED DATA TRANSMISSION</span></span></b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDeRHbV77lOUgVpm3t8L8iMB5UD6PzYXLdQjqsIIWe7cG-R4UeMiaXwt5FMlZ4B0-fOqvaVn2qeaym4MKE1Ya3XU9DXNDtQYIcZ-6vvOzcopf_DF6AP_BU6NxLRGbQcQz0xbedqT0KsuNp/s1600/Irdalogo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDeRHbV77lOUgVpm3t8L8iMB5UD6PzYXLdQjqsIIWe7cG-R4UeMiaXwt5FMlZ4B0-fOqvaVn2qeaym4MKE1Ya3XU9DXNDtQYIcZ-6vvOzcopf_DF6AP_BU6NxLRGbQcQz0xbedqT0KsuNp/s1600/Irdalogo.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The IrDA logo.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">IrDA (</span><i style="line-height: 115%;">Infrared Data Association</i><span style="line-height: 115%;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> is a technology where we can transfer any files from any devices by using infrared light, the one that is non RF.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">The characteristic of infrared transmissions are:</span><span style="text-align: center;"> </span></li>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">The <b>power to transfer data is not so high.</b></span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Only can <b>transfer in a short range</b>, for example the remote control.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b>Mainly attached to mobile phones</b> to transfer the data or files from one to another.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Nevertheless, many laptops sold today are equipped with an IrDA-compatible transceiver that enables communication with other devices, such
as printers, modems, LANs, or other laptops.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">However, the limit of transfer speed ranges from
2400 bps to 4 Mbps.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Requires line of sight transmission.</span></li>
</ul>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIBGVKimzA_jcJLzsIDXSrM43A_D83T5WG_Lf5480AHnvZYUkKZ_Ti8YjpVVbGHzA1NgYuzTq_dIrulTY5JZ89w5K7Xr-5PLzMHWsbjaYj4qbBq1fn0xQROi8jBq5rjgpDuQbK35HUKIP4/s1600/ir1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIBGVKimzA_jcJLzsIDXSrM43A_D83T5WG_Lf5480AHnvZYUkKZ_Ti8YjpVVbGHzA1NgYuzTq_dIrulTY5JZ89w5K7Xr-5PLzMHWsbjaYj4qbBq1fn0xQROi8jBq5rjgpDuQbK35HUKIP4/s400/ir1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The various devices that can transfer files and data by using infrared communication.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><br />BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY</b></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">It refers to
a telecommunications si</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">gnal or device of greater bandwidth with </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">greater the information-carrying capacity</span>.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Today, broadband is widely use to enable the internet access to laptop and mobile devices.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; text-align: -webkit-auto;">The device that is simply used is the broadband stick with different service providers.</span></li>
</ul>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg17pT7tC3vtmKhikW7SDuuCaZ7S2AvHur7SOt71Vgb2HiLCESrLTbMzosBbJ4Gd4RAs2fzGnPEpcSBsFTQ_WwjD5SnomHitWrNXTA3YHR1D2pHe3Ttt2kyQ3dHxn4LFqPtOQCXFx2bSs3u/s1600/malaysia_broadband_providers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg17pT7tC3vtmKhikW7SDuuCaZ7S2AvHur7SOt71Vgb2HiLCESrLTbMzosBbJ4Gd4RAs2fzGnPEpcSBsFTQ_WwjD5SnomHitWrNXTA3YHR1D2pHe3Ttt2kyQ3dHxn4LFqPtOQCXFx2bSs3u/s1600/malaysia_broadband_providers.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The different service providers in Malaysia.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 'Courier New';"><b>Mobile broadband</b> allows for mobility so that the user can get internet access where ever there are. However, it depends on the service provider's coverage as well.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Courier;"><b>Fixed broadband </b>are mainly used for home or business and more stable because it uses cable and usually runs on fibre.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilWTGM9h1XDIP5UKic1wQ302FRphB76eCFb9iL9G-WwwwTcQL8aUYk5Io25WYj8hJHZP6MoZA-uvlRXjMZKHgcLcinXRhhA6B63jyqVRQX0Bet6BACVv08EPPvfrs3UxGemnDErDLJyjO_/s1600/linksys-wrt54gl-wireless-g-broadband-router-0904-21-bruceleestore%254014.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilWTGM9h1XDIP5UKic1wQ302FRphB76eCFb9iL9G-WwwwTcQL8aUYk5Io25WYj8hJHZP6MoZA-uvlRXjMZKHgcLcinXRhhA6B63jyqVRQX0Bet6BACVv08EPPvfrs3UxGemnDErDLJyjO_/s320/linksys-wrt54gl-wireless-g-broadband-router-0904-21-bruceleestore%254014.jpg" width="311" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Router</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<br />thejetfuelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10317141008803076641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1229574297562954071.post-68990126696183580742012-05-05T11:32:00.001+08:002012-05-13T10:41:28.927+08:00Reflection #6<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>UNBOUNDED
MEDIA / UNGUIDED MEDIA</b></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: orange;">The
media transport electromagnetic wave without physical conductor.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Signal
are broadcasting through air which means <span style="color: blue;">it is available to anyone who has
device that capable of receiving the signal.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>TERRESTIAL
MICROWAVE</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ul style="line-height: 115%;">
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">It requires
line of sight transmission and reception equipment.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">The
taller the antennas, the longer the sight distance.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Make
tower on the hills or mountain to be higher than the ground.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">The
signal transferred one way at a time.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">To
increase the distance, a system called repeater can be installed with the
antenna.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>2
TYPES OF ANTENNAS:</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Parabolic dish</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Horn</span></span></li>
</ol>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><b><u>PARABOLIC
DISH</u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGg_uI-h7w3Q2HZlnWdI8w0zvCToCqP9mvVmrBzAcN3iuvar_ql_APlXsLhnPAKOxV8uKq0J5xDYnP-PRx2UKtEYOogiGv2mtMtgLHgfLIkYzdjhIVyMEPS0vxaRFviEw7xeRjo6cwCfYt/s1600/directvdish.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGg_uI-h7w3Q2HZlnWdI8w0zvCToCqP9mvVmrBzAcN3iuvar_ql_APlXsLhnPAKOxV8uKq0J5xDYnP-PRx2UKtEYOogiGv2mtMtgLHgfLIkYzdjhIVyMEPS0vxaRFviEw7xeRjo6cwCfYt/s320/directvdish.jpg" width="218" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5RKs4R_XgEaq6Wzu-iZjdGN9gV9Q31dKl4mY31glvSb0-Jx-V_WuCXjQ7qS80WLmkjjsA0aky0BvT20pUWiz4yAZbUnGmAGXFhpE8CpiItmNXuzHEqd5cIc8YpZMsA_ULeb2ekKEP9xKk/s1600/image0071.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5RKs4R_XgEaq6Wzu-iZjdGN9gV9Q31dKl4mY31glvSb0-Jx-V_WuCXjQ7qS80WLmkjjsA0aky0BvT20pUWiz4yAZbUnGmAGXFhpE8CpiItmNXuzHEqd5cIc8YpZMsA_ULeb2ekKEP9xKk/s1600/image0071.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Based
on geometry repeater of parabola.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Works
like a funnel (catching a wide range of waves and directing to a common point
called focus)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">This
is used by line namely maxis celcom and digi to catch the data.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><b><u>HORN</u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMMbMVVgXJ4fix5yUnVLctBQvftCRTlVKzYlkvyaSaWEVxhXvWm9zkw5SqUxgtP1Ndqu4kmM-5d8Dlr6pPlyczePok1gOTwIyK_ahd6zMZSc_SInDP1ECmiFjfpZLKiCTBKIjwy6Qwiz4G/s1600/horn+antenna.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMMbMVVgXJ4fix5yUnVLctBQvftCRTlVKzYlkvyaSaWEVxhXvWm9zkw5SqUxgtP1Ndqu4kmM-5d8Dlr6pPlyczePok1gOTwIyK_ahd6zMZSc_SInDP1ECmiFjfpZLKiCTBKIjwy6Qwiz4G/s320/horn+antenna.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Looks
like a gigantic scoop</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Outgoing
transmission are broadcast up to a stern and deflected outward in a series of
narrow parallel beams by the scooped shaped of the horn.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>SATELLITE</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_juqkFVpYH2y66toh32oJLrQCfz7TaoW5XjXSEfedpaKt49sqXI-zMz9XyxSDrA43zdcLUuTJB-QpEy9lSJ92AnEqHXuLmXgNWmrEFXka_U1AjO93y0i16rVZunrwVMQHxlYTeXnR8aWQ/s1600/satellite-tv-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_juqkFVpYH2y66toh32oJLrQCfz7TaoW5XjXSEfedpaKt49sqXI-zMz9XyxSDrA43zdcLUuTJB-QpEy9lSJ92AnEqHXuLmXgNWmrEFXka_U1AjO93y0i16rVZunrwVMQHxlYTeXnR8aWQ/s320/satellite-tv-4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Same
principal as the terrestrial microwave</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Super
tall antenna and repeater</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Single
bounce</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Capability
= any location on earth no matter how remote</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">High
quality communication without requiring a huge investment in ground-based infrastructure.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Now let see the
equipment used and distance covered of four transmission:</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">RADIO
FREQUENCY </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">CELLULAR
PHONE</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">WIFI</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">BLUETOOTH</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">The equipment used and distance covered of four transmission:<br /> </span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">RADIO FREQUENCY</span></b><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">The rate of oscillation in the range of about 3 kHz to 300 GHz.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Corresponds to the frequency of radio waves, and the alternating currents which carry radio signals.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Antenna must be used to received the signal.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Usually done via a resonator – a circuit with a capacitor and an inductor forming a tuned circuit. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Resonator act as amplifier to the oscillations within a particular frequency band</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">It also reducing oscillations at other frequencies outside the band. </span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><b>CELLULAR PHONE</b><br />Cellular phone is using various transmission</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><b>1G</b> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">1G is short for first-generation wireless telephone technology.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">This generation of phones and networks is represented by the brick-sized analog phones introduced in the 1980’s.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">Subsequent numbers refer to newer and upcoming technology.</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
</ul>
<b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">2G </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">2G phones use digital networks.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">2G networks and their digital nature also made it more difficult to eavesdrop on mobile phone calls.</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span></li>
</ul>
<b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">3G</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">3G networks are an in between standard.</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">3G is seen more as pre4G instead of a standard of its own. The advantage 3G networks have over 2G networks is speed. </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">3G networks are built to handle the needs of today’s wireless users.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">This standard of wireless networks increases the speed of internet browsing, picture and video messaging, and handheld GPS use.</span></li>
</ul>
<b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">4G</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">4G (AKA Beyond 3G) is like the other generations in that its advantage lies in promised increased speeds in data transmission. </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">There is currently no formal definition for 4G, but there are objectives. </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">One of these objectives is for 4G to become a fully IP-based system, much like modern computer networks. </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">The supposed speeds for 4G will be between 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s. </span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><br /><b>WiFi</b></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">WiFi is the original technology of wireless local area network or WLAN.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">It is usually based on IEEE 802.11 specifications.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">uses the same radio frequencies as Bluetooth, but with higher power consumption resulting in a stronger connection.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">The devices that are able to access this type of transmission are mobile computing devices such as laptops.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">With the frequency of 2.4 GHz, WiFi has the range 100-300 feet indoor and 300-900 feet outdoor.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%;">All in all, we already used all these transmission and the evolution of these transmission are still going on today. Maybe in future, we might have a new technology that way more intelligent than today. Who knows?</span><br />
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<br />thejetfuelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10317141008803076641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1229574297562954071.post-8004545955767506802012-04-26T22:52:00.000+08:002012-05-03T14:37:18.409+08:00Reflection #5<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">This week, the topic that has been focused is about cabling. What is cabling? We'll see the meaning and types of cabling for internet with further reading. </span><br />
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<b>WHAT IS CABLE?</b><br />
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<span style="color: #a64d79; font-size: large;">Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one device to another.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">There are five types of cables that we will go through:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">2. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">3. Coaxial Cable</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">4. Fiber Optic Cable</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">5. Wireless LANs</span><br />
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The different types of cables are divided into two categories, the guided and unguided.</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable</span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie6NfxOT3sKrNc8yqeFcc2f6vSRniOgeZutvHwhrtqkWrS2rEq3Hqz8mJxsinTyeH-oPSmy1nr1KkCE7J3do2KeF__KxTopJzfa1WLluKqbRbj_zhMi1Va-yl30gZWDAKP_nHEVIFuZLKD/s1600/UTP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie6NfxOT3sKrNc8yqeFcc2f6vSRniOgeZutvHwhrtqkWrS2rEq3Hqz8mJxsinTyeH-oPSmy1nr1KkCE7J3do2KeF__KxTopJzfa1WLluKqbRbj_zhMi1Va-yl30gZWDAKP_nHEVIFuZLKD/s320/UTP.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Has four pairs of wires inside.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Each pair is twisted with different numbers of twists per inch.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">The advantage of twists: to help eliminate noise from adjacent pairs and other electrical device.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Consist of two individual wires wrapped in a foil shielding.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">The cable is quite bulky.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Usually used for Token Ring topology.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Coaxial Cable</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Has a single copper conductor at its center.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Insulation of plastic layer between the center conductor and a braided metal shield.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Function of metal shield: block any outside interference: </span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Fluorescent light</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Motors</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Other computers</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Fiber Optic Cable</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihkx6shDHU0buppXt3lf9fnOzsCVOT_26FVPVlas9K7FPECf1a-agiSIlWivdovJ7PlJoNI9OSq4hncnHfpW4IkYhuY5w7ScgPhDorx5Xz7wLcrMN7rGNkWoV3ofksMLkkzgOlLaje6y12/s1600/image6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihkx6shDHU0buppXt3lf9fnOzsCVOT_26FVPVlas9K7FPECf1a-agiSIlWivdovJ7PlJoNI9OSq4hncnHfpW4IkYhuY5w7ScgPhDorx5Xz7wLcrMN7rGNkWoV3ofksMLkkzgOlLaje6y12/s1600/image6.png" /></a></div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">A center glass core is surrounded by several layers of protective materials.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Transmit signals over much longer distance.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Move in a form of light.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Capable of eliminating the problem of electrical interference.</span></li>
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<br /></div>thejetfuelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10317141008803076641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1229574297562954071.post-68688073392841353972012-04-08T21:18:00.012+08:002012-05-03T14:24:56.271+08:00Reflection #4<div style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal;">
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13.5pt;">This week, we are introduced deeper to three integral part in networking:</span></div>
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<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13.5pt;">Topology</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13.5pt;">Protocol</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13.5pt;">Architecture</span></li>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><b>Network Topology </b>is<span style="color: #a64d79;"> the study of the mapping of elements of a network between nodes</span>. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">This includes the physical and logical interconnection of the network. Topology is divided into two type:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Physical Topology (real)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Logical Topology (virtual)</span></li>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><b>Physical Topology </b>is<span style="color: #e06666;"> the way devices are arranged and communicate with each other.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><b>Logical Topology</b>, on the other hand, <span style="color: #f6b26b; font-weight: normal;">is the mapping of the flow of data between the nodes in the network determines the logical topology of the network.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">There are many types of topology but for now, we had learned few of them:</span></div>
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<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Linear bus</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Star</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ring</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tree</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Linear bus topology</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13.5pt;"> consists of a <b>main run cable with terminator at each end</b>. In this type of topology, <b>the nodes are connected to linear cable</b>. The Ethernet and LocalTalk networks usually use this type of topology.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Star topology</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13.5pt;"> <b>connecting each nodes directly to a central network hub or concentrator.</b> The data on a star networking will passes through the hub or the concentrator. These hub and concentrator are also known as <b>repeater</b> for the data flow. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13.5pt;">Now, let see how the </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">ring topology</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13.5pt;"> works. <b>Each of the system in ring topology is connected to its respective neighbour thus forming a ring.</b> On the diagram above, we can see how all the nodes are connected in a form of circular motion. The ring topology <b>does not require termination </b>because all nodes connected in a loop, which means no beginning and no end point.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13.5pt;">The </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">tree topology</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13.5pt;"> is a <b>combination of star topology that connected to a linear bus backbone cable.</b> It is also known as hybrid. This type of topology will allows the expansion of an existing network.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><b>Protocol</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: center;">It is <span style="color: orange;">a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">There are many types of protocol:</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Ethernet - Logical linear bus topology protocol</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">LocalTalk - Star topology protocol</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Token Ring - Ring topology protocol </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">TCP/IP and WAP</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">WiFi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Bluetooth</span></li>
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<b style="font-size: 18px;">Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)</b></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">It is <b>a standard switching technique to unify </b></span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">telecommunication</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">computer networks.</span></b></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">ATM is quite different than Ethernet that used variable size of frames, <b>i</b></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"><b>t uses asynchronous time division multiplexing that will encode data into small and fixed-sized cells.</b></span></span></li>
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</div>thejetfuelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10317141008803076641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1229574297562954071.post-29775932294458130752012-03-21T09:05:00.009+08:002012-03-21T17:25:27.627+08:00Reflection #3<div style="text-align: center;"><span ><br /></span></div><span ><span style="font-size: 100%;">Today's topic is Introduction to Networking and we are reminded to differentiate the difference between telecommunication and networking. first and foremost, Dr. Dayang gave us an example of networking from the stone age where the situation is Caveman A wanted to invite Caveman B who live too far away from him for a game of hurling stone to each other. Caveman A cannot use a drum because it cannot be heard. We have to give suggestion on how to solve the problem that Caveman A encounter. Finally, she gave out few solutions ;</span></span><div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span ><u><br /></u></span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; ">Walk over Caveman B</div><div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; ">Get a bigger drum</div><div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; ">Ask Caveman C who lived halfway between them to forward the message</div><div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; "><br /></div><div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: left; ">Voila! There we have a simple idea of networking before we proceed to the technical meaning of networking. Basically, networking means a collection of connected intelligent computing devices. The basic networking is a connection between two computer by direct cabling.</div><div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: left; "><br /></div><div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: left; "><div><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuC4_rUpOWb6mAqtiH_nCzsEkWWP9No2M8Y6hyphenhyphenqJ6j0dff3QCtCLwyYaOlYVtpvGY3CtS84ifFSySiCJyka3XlHIlgbPnlWbabRzd_W5_9IUmcGmpAdoaZqh9cAvc068p3DDCKbUnC2EzG/s400/diagram_network.gif" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5722272408241464818" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); text-decoration: underline; display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 360px; " /></div><div>Besides that, networking also means connecting a computer with other computer or other devices to enable them to communicate with each other. </div><div><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; ">There are four popular networks in used:</div><div style="text-align: center;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; ">LAN (Local Area Network)</div><div style="text-align: center;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; ">WAN (Wide Area Network)</div><div style="text-align: center;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; ">MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)</div><div style="text-align: center;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; ">PAN (Personal Area Network)</div><div style="text-align: center;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; ">LAN is usually used in small area and limited to geographical area such as computer lab, school and building. This network is rarely used for more than a mile apart. A typical LAN such as in a computer lab usually use one computer as a server functioned to control the network shared by all computers attached to it. The are two ways of connecting LAN which are:</div><div style="text-align: left;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; ">Bounded (by using cable)</div><div style="text-align: center;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; ">Unbounded (without using cable or known as wireless)</div><div style="text-align: center;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><br /></div>thejetfuelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10317141008803076641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1229574297562954071.post-15124542438324688522012-03-09T01:55:00.025+08:002012-04-27T12:51:30.476+08:00Reflection #2<div style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; text-align: left;">Greetings, future teachers!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span courier="" new="" times="">This week, Dr. Dayang is getting us into</span></span> the topic about <b>data communication</b>. In a wo<span style="font-weight: normal;">rld where we are about to set off in a brisk pace, changing data in a faster way in quite a convenience. That is why we need the access of data communication. Data communication is the collection and distribution of the electronic representation of information from and to remote f</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">acilities by means of electrical transmission system.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">Among all the data, the data in form of text, voice a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">nd still p</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ictures are known as <b>RAW DATA</b> or <b><span style="font-size: large;">RAW INFORMATION</span></b> and they must be <b>digitized to be transmitted through computer.</b> The raw data need to be convert into signal so it can be understood by the communication media as for the data to be transmitted.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Here, there are two forms of signal which are analogue sign</span><span style="line-height: 18px;">al</span><span style="line-height: 18px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">and </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">digital signal.</span></span></div>
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5717604505679695890" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7b7CgcKLQmArObmrbqXRbDUlI5iKvRsPnaVxTpoae2fyQUEQAGH5xSJY9gWco1rXUyqANncWu9KncYWzGjAngrMPu2ZoKDzzEC98gDJlIADIKuLULQwjYFaD_ysbW9bIlypWzYf_PsylM/s400/_42321660_dig_ani_416.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 192px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><br />
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The differences between analogue signals and digital signals.</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;">These two signals will carry out two process on conversion:</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 18px;">Analogue to digital = </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">modulation</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 18px;">Digital to analogue = </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">demodulation</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">To make it simple, the </span><span style="font-size: large;">conversion of analogue to digit</span></span><span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;">al</span><span style="font-size: 100%;"> is merely because </span><b style="font-size: 100%;">digital signal </b></span><span style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 18px;"><b>is the language of the computer.</b> Here is one example of these two conversion:</span></span></div>
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The conversion that occurs between a microphone and a speaker.</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: medium; line-height: 18px;">The hardware that is used in computer to do this process is c</span></span><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">alled </span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 18px;"><b>MODEM</b></span></span><span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: medium;">as the combination of the word <b>modulation </b>and <b>demodulation.</b></span></span></span></div>
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5717636318517287234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5jDFCz8MHfSvd_mmpc2yg3I1cIO4PQklAmNGPykstwSn1ASgDDTs5UYcc9-dmH4Bql3T4TvPpHpmQ6rsHTiDMrBOY2KPKbRjtjIM6x2oOgFFaZWlk3yGiRflZLLu5QDNNxUo5C4BG6PsH/s400/MODEM.gif" style="display: block; height: 134px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 365px;" /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">Let's move on to the </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 18px;"><b>data transmission mode,</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;"> shall we? There are two types of transmission :</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Parallel transmission and </span></span><span style="line-height: 18px;">Serial transmission</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">By looking at this figure, I am sure that you can already guess the meaning of both transmission, right?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;"><b>Bits,</b> or <b>binary digits</b> consists of Byte, Kilo, Mega, Giga and Tera. <b>One bytes</b> is equal to <b>8 bits.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 18px;">Based on the figure above, the <b>serial transmission is a bit slower than the parallel transmission </b></span><span style="font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">because it obviously transmits all the bits one after another on a </span><span style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 18px;"><b>single line.</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 100%; line-height: 18px;">Under the serial transmission mode, there are <b>two types </b>of transmission:</span></div>
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<span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5717621265198889634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZqFd09S_MbRTiRtbBecm5Xfv9huxnvg0kQqDD_3KSEmRKfPSoyZlVOo1tKeSiK5-cw4FtRijsshETpgydNJ0_Fh6SSXH-h03xfDuhNb_CPCYJXQuCoeBTtphixYT7xy0lAfZon1lCG3g9/s400/ASYNTRAN.GIF" style="color: #0000ee; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-size: medium; height: 272px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: underline; width: 353px;" /></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;">The <b><span style="font-size: large;">synchronous transmission</span></b> is <span style="color: purple; font-size: 16px;">a large group of data that is transmitted in blocks called frame.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;">On the other hand, the <b><span style="font-size: large;">asynchronous transmission</span></b> is <span style="color: #cc0000;">the bits that are divided into small groups in form of bytes and send independently.</span> This means a groups of bits can be sent at any time and the receiver will never know when they will arrive.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;">Here are some examples:</span></div>
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5717623111499676498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQQSZuFiUVRQ7fUcE4UPjPWMVOe-qQJwqGMNDA6kbZcuIxjleSuxwugy9ncTkZB5M_hEfNoxZgAp1LiCMkfxZyUEDrsJMgPdCmfhEr0l18iGTEe-fVXK0Ny6SIMWS2vLZXBmVtpPEi72HY/s400/Comm+Vectors_001%25282%2529.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">The synchronous transmission is Now, moving on to the data flow. The process of exchanging can be done in three operation style:</span></div>
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<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;"><b>Simplex</b></span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;"><b>Half-duplex</b></span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;"><b>Full-duplex</b></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;">The <span style="font-size: large;"><b>simplex</b> <b>operation</b></span> is when the data is transmitted in one direction only. As much as I</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;"> understand about it, the role of transmitter and receiver are fixed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;"> For example, when you are watching television or listening to the radio where you as the receiver only got to understand the message or information without reacting back to the sender.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;">The <span style="font-size: large;"><b>half-duplex </b><b>operation</b></span> is when the transmission can flow in two direction but never at the same time. The nearest example is the walkie talkie.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Last but not list, the <span style="font-size: large;"><b>full-duplex operation</b></span> is when </span><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">both station can transmit and receive the information simultaneously. it is usually consist of two simplex channel, for example the the online chatti</span><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">ng.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;">As much as I concern, the lesson learned this week mostly introduced me to the information on <b>how the network performed in the internet and from the computer.</b> This actually make me a computer literate as I understand what is happening throughout the process of transmission and receiving the information. I hope in the next class, I can grab all the information effectively as I am quite confused when it comes to computer learning. <b>:D</b></span></div>
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</div>thejetfuelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10317141008803076641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1229574297562954071.post-66863486431923377652012-03-02T16:58:00.021+08:002012-04-27T12:37:05.481+08:00Reflection #1<div style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;">
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b>Assalamualaikum.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span lang="EN-GB">Hello</span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">there!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span lang="EN-GB">I don't want to make my blog look so lame that no one will ever read it but since it is one of my assignment, I have made a decision to relive my blog, revamped it a little bit and filled it with something proper; according to my Telecommunication and Networking subject, of course. This week Dr. Dayang is talking about the introduction to Telecomm</span><span style="font-size: 100%;">unication and Networking.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span lang="EN-GB">First, she let us guessing about the literal meaning of the words </span><span lang="EN-GB">tele</span><span lang="EN-GB"> and </span><span lang="EN-GB">communication</span><span lang="EN-GB">. At first, we randomly answered and finally she heard the keyword. Tele means </span><span lang="EN-GB">communication over a long distance</span><span lang="EN-GB"> while communication means </span><span lang="EN-GB">the activity of expressing ideas or feeling or giving people information.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> Therefore, the whole meaning of telecommunication is </span><span lang="EN-GB">sending a long distance message by using a transmitter</span><span lang="EN-GB"> which is the devices such as computers and telephone.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">Hmm.. How about this?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span lang="EN-GB">Secondly, she moved on the topic that everyone would consider as hard to remember, the history of computers. I swear every one of us looks so blown away with the history retold by Dr. Dayang as we concentrate and jot down anything we could when eventually she told us that she is not going to ask us about history in the exam papers. </span><span lang="EN-GB">What a relief!</span><span lang="EN-GB"> :D</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Next, if you ever learned about Telecommunication and Networking or just simply live on Earth, you might want to know about the six elements of computer and communication.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="EN-GB">1. </span><span lang="EN-GB">People.</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="EN-GB">People are the most important element because they are the<b> </b><b>user </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">who operate the computer. They are the one who </span>built, analyse and develop the system. <span style="font-weight: normal;">There are two types of people involved in communication. First, the </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">professional </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">people who have gone through specialized training in theory and technical aspect. Second is the </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">end user </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">or those who only know how to use without special tra</span></span><span style="font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">ining in the field.</span></span></div>
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Folks need to learn these thing as well, right?</div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB">2. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Procedure.</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">Procedure is <b>an ordered set of tasks for performing some action.</b> It is the specification of operation which have to be executed in some way in order to attain the same result under the same situation. In this case, it is the procedure communicating so that the other receiver could understand the message.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">Here is an example of procedure:</span></div>
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5715477236837973314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDbhsiyM1aAiB6k8O7DSHAhvirVJP22Oj1ViFxM2paIPfhFmjGOj31RQP8Wl8_QPgAmHEcPJ6h-hKVdXjREu8usnbTkOxCYqaS5b72pARfCI11LEmeAEv7FTXAli0Jv50-f4slwcFAWwuJ/s400/procedure.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 310px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><br />
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I don't think Dr. Dayang will like this. LOL.</div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: pre;"> </span><b>3. </b></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>Data.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 100%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Data is the information stored in the computer system used by applications to accomplish tasks. We will get to that later because so far, this is all i understand about data.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 100%; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b>4. Hardware.</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hardware can be considered as any physical object that are part of the computer system. Previously, we have learned that the basic operation of a computer system is IPOS. Input, processor, output and storage. </div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 100%; text-indent: -0.25in;">5. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 100%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Software.</span></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span>Every computer need software to make it function. Therefore, software is needed to start the communication. The Linux, OS system, Wimdows 7 and PDF application are all included in software categories.</div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB">6. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Communication or connectivity.</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></span></span></span>The codec process, compression and decompression, which I vaguely remember in the class, is a part of communication process. It is the conversion of data analog-to-digital digital-to-analog</div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 9pt; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Dr. Dayang is such an </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">awesome lecturer</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> because she looks so calm and humorous at the same time. She explained everything in the simplest form ever and all I have to do is to <b>remember the keywords.</b> I love her starting from the first day when she decided to call me Shikin. Oh, how I have not been called with that name for quite a long time! I think I am getting used with the name of Ekin. I love it actually but then, she called me with that name and it sounds fine. It’s good to have another name now I guess, though I do not keen to be called as Shikin that much. But still, it is a part of my name anyway so, why not? :)</span></span></div>
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</div>thejetfuelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10317141008803076641noreply@blogger.com0